The Annals of Wales (Annales Cambriae) is a chronology of Welsh History. It covers the years 447AD to 970AD. The Annals of Wales can be found in four extant manuscripts. The earliest of these is Harleian MS 3859. The Annals of Wales were written retrospectively. They contain some errors with regards dates. What makes them so interesting to historians is that they reference King Arthur twice. This has led to some historians using the Annals of Wales as a Historical Record from which they can start to research Arthurian history. The text is a 12th century copy of the original which has been lost.
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The table below is sourced from: Ingram, James, translator. The Annales Cambriae. London: Everyman Press, 1912
The first column is the year. The second column is the translation. The third column is the original text.
| 447 | ‡ Days as dark as night.‡ | an. Dies tenebrosa sicut nox.† an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. |
|
| 453 | Easter altered on the Lord’s Day by Pope Leo, Bishop of Rome. | an. Pasca commutatur super diem dominicum cum papa Leone episcopo Romae. | |
| 454 | St. Brigid is born. | an.X Brigida sancta nascitur. an. an. |
|
| 457 | St. Patrick goes to the Lord. | an. Sanctus Patricus ad Dominium migrator. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.XX an. an. an. |
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| 458 | St. David is born in the thirtieth year after Patrick left Menevia. | an. S. Dewi nascitur anno tricesimo discessum Patricii de Menevia.† | |
| 468 | The death of Bishop Benignus. | an. Quies Benigni episcopi. an. an. an. an. an. an.XXX an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.XL an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.L an. an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 501 | Bishop Ebur rests in Christ, he was 350 years old. | an. Episcopus Ebur pausat in Christo anno CCCL aetatis suae. an. an. an.LX an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.LXX an. |
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| 516 | The Battle of Badon, in which Arthur carried the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ for three days and three nights on his shoulders and the Britons were the victors. | an. Bellum Badonis, in quo Arthur portavit crucem Domini nostri Jhesu Christi tribus diebus et tribus noctibus in humeros suos et Brittones victores fuerunt. an. an. an. an. |
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| 521 | St. Columba is born. The death of St. Brigid. | an. Sanctus Columcille nascitur. Quies sanctae Brigidae. an. an. an.LXXX an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.XC an. an. |
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| 537 | The battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut fell: and there was plague in Britain and Ireland. | an. Gueith camlann in qua Arthur et Medraut corruerunt, et mortalitas in Brittannia et in Hibernia fuit. an. an. an. an. an. |
|
| 544 | The sleep [death] of Ciaran. | an. C Dormitatio Ciarani. an. an |
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| 547 | The great death [plague] in which Maelgwn, king of Gwynedd died. ‡Thus they say ‘The long sleep of Maelgwn in the court of Rhos’. Then was the yellow plague.‡ | an. Mortalitas magna in qua pausat Mailcun rex Genedotae.†Unde dicitur, “Hir hun Wailgun en llis Ros”. Tunc fuit wallwelen. † an. an. an. an. an. an. an.CX an. an. an |
|
| 558 | The death of Gabr�n, son of Dungart. | an. Gabran filius Dungart moritur. an. an. an. |
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| 562 | Columba went to Britain. | an. Columcille in Brittannia exiit. | |
| 565 | ‡The voyage of Gildas to Ireland.‡ | an. Navigatio Gildae in Hybernia.† | |
| 569 | ‡The ‘Synod of Victory’ was held between the Britons.‡ | an. Synodus Victoriae apud Brittones congragatur† | |
| 570 | Gildas ‡wisest of Britons‡ died. | an. Gildas †Britonus sapientissmus† obiit. an. an |
|
| 573 | The battle of Arfderydd ‡between the sons of Eliffer and Gwenddolau son of Ceidio; in which battle Gwenddolau fell; Merlin went mad.‡ | an. Bellum Armterid †inter filios Elifer et Guendoleu filium Keidiau; in quo bello Guendoleu cecidit; Merlinus insanus effectus est.† | |
| 574 | The sleep [death] of Brendan of Birr. | an. CXXX Brendan Byror dormitatio. an. an. an. an. an |
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| 580 | Gwrgi and Peredur ‡sons of Elifert‡ died. | an. Guurci et Peretur [filii Elifer] moritur. an. an. an. an. |
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| 584 | Battle against the Isle of Man and the burial of Daniel of the Bangors. | an. CXL Bellum contra Euboniam et depositio Danielis Bancorum. an. an. an. an. |
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| 589 | The conversion of Constantine [king of Britain] to the Lord. | Conversio Constantini ad Dominum. an. an. an. an. an.CL |
|
| 594 | ‡Aethelbert reigned in England.‡ | an. Edilbertus in Anglia rexit.† | |
| 595 | The death of Columba. – The death of king Dunod ‡son of Pabo.‡ – Augustine and Mellitus converted the English to Christ. |
an. Columcille moritur. Dunaut [filius Pabo] rex moritur. Augustinus Mellitus Anglos ad Christum convertit. an. an. an. an. an. |
|
| 601 | The synod of Urbs Legionis [Chester]. Gregory died in Christ and also bishop David of Moni Iudeorum. |
an. Sinodus Urbis Legion. David episcopus Moni Judaeorum. an. an. an.CLX an. |
|
| 606 | The burial of bishop Cynog. | an. Depositio Cinauc episcopi. | |
| 607 | The death of Aidan son of Gabr�n | an. Aidan map Gabran moritur. an. an. an. an. an |
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| 612 | The death of Kentigern and bishop Dyfrig. | an. Conthigirni obitus et Dibric episcopi | |
| 613 | The battle of Caer Legion [Chester]. And there died Selyf son of Cynan. And Iago son of Beli slept [died]. | an. Gueith Cair Legion, et ibi cecidit Selim filii Cinan. Et Jacob filii Beli dormitatio. an.CLXX an. |
|
| 616 | Ceredig died. | an. Ceretic obiit. | |
| 617 | Edwin begins his reign. | an. Etguin incipit regnare. an. an. an. an. an. an |
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| 624 | The sun is covered [eclipsed]. | an. CLXXX Sol obscuratus est. an. |
|
| 626 | Edwin is baptized, and Rhun son of Urien baptized him. | an. Etguin baptizatus est, et Run filius Urbgen baptizavit eum. | |
| 627 | Belin dies. | an. Belin moritur. an. |
|
| 629 | The beseiging of king Cadwallon in the island of Glannauc. | an. Obsessio Catguollaun regis in insula Glannauc | |
| 630 | Gwyddgar comes and does not return. On the Kalends of January the battle of Meigen; and there Edwin was killed with his two sons; but Cadwallon was the victor. | an. Guidgar venit et non redit. Kalendis januariis Gueith Meicen; et ibi interfectus est Etguin cum duobus filiis; Catguollaun autem victor fuit. |
|
| 631 | The battle of Cantscaul in which Cadwallon fell. | an. Bellum Cantscaul in quo Catguollaun corruit. | |
| 632 | The slaughter of the [river] Severn and the death of Idris. | an. Strages Sabrinae et jugulatio Iudris. an. an.CXC an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. |
|
| 644 | The battle of Cogfry in which Oswald king of the Northmen and Eawa king of the Mercians fell. | an. CC Bellum Cocboy in quo Oswald rex Nordorum et Eoba rex Merciorum corruerunt. | |
| 645 | The hammering of the region of Dyfed, when the monastery of David was burnt. | an. Percussio Demeticae regionis, quando coenobium David incensum est. an. an. an. an. |
|
| 649 | ‡Slaughter in Gwent.‡ | an. Guentis strages.† | |
| 650 | The rising of a star. | an. Ortus stellae. an. an. an.CCX an. |
|
| 656 | The slaughter of Campus Gaius. | an. Strages Gaii campi. | |
| 657 | Penda killed. | an. Pantha occisio. | |
| 658 | Oswy came and took plunder. | an. Osguid venit et praedam duxit. an. an. |
|
| 661 | Cummine the tall died. | an. Commene fota. | |
| 662 | Brocmail ‡the tusked ‡ dies. | an. Brocmail †Escithrauc† moritur. an. CCXX |
|
| 665 | The first celebration of Easter among the Saxons. The second battle of Badon. Morgan dies. |
an. Primum Pasca apud Saxones celebratur. Bellum Badonis secundo. Morcant moritur. an. an. an. |
|
| 669 | Oswy, king of the Saxons, dies. | an. Osguid rex Saxonum moritur. an. an. an. an. an. an.CCXXX an. |
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| 676 | A star of marvelous brightness was seen shining throughout the whole world. | an. Stella mirae magnitudinis visa est per totum mundum lucens. an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 682 | A great plague in Britain, in which Cadwaladr son of Cadwallon dies. | an. Mortalitas magna fuit in Brittania, in qua Catgualart filius Catguolaun obiit. | |
| 683 | A plague ‡was‡ in Ireland. | an. Mortalitas †fuit† in Hibernia. | |
| 684 | A great earthquake in the Isle of Man. | an. CCXL Terrae motus in Eubonia factus est magnus. an. an. an. an. |
|
| 689 | The rain turned to blood in Britain, and ‡in Ireland‡ milk and butter turned to blood. | an. Pluvia sanguinea facta est in Brittannia, et †in Hybernia† lac et butirum versa sunt in sanguinem. an. an. an. an. an.CCL an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 704 | Aldfrith king of the Saxons died. The sleep of Adomn�n. | an.CCLX Alchfrit rex Saxonum obiit. Dormiatio Adomnan. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 714 | Night was as bright as day. Pepin the elder [actually Pepin II, of Heristal], king of the Franks, died in Christ. | an. CCLXX Nox lucida fuit sicut dies. Pipinus major, rex Francorum, obiit in Christo. an. an |
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| 717 | Osred king of the Saxons dies. | an. Osbrit rex Saxonum moritur | |
| 718 | The consecration of the church of the archangel Michael ‡on mount Gargano.‡ | an. Consecratio Michaelis archangeli †in monte Gargano† ecclesiae. an. an. |
|
| 721 | A hot summer. | Aestas torrida. | |
| 722 | Beli son of Elffin dies. And the battle of Hehil among the Cornish, the battle of Garth Maelog, the battle of Pencon among the south Britons, and the Britons were the victors in those three battles. | an. Beli filius Elfin moritur. Et bellum Hehil apud Cornuenses, Gueith Gartmailauc, Cat Pencon, apud dexterales Brittones, et Brittones victores fuerunt in istis tribus bellis. an. an.CCLXXX an. an. an. |
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| 728 | The battle of mount Carno. | an. Bellum montis Carno. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.CCXC |
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| 735 | Bede the priest sleeps. | Beda presbiter dormit. | |
| 736 | Oengus king of the Picts died. | Ougen rex Pictorum obiit. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.CCC an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 750 | Battle between the Picts and the Britons, that is the battle of Mocetauc. And their king Talorgan is killed by the Britions. | an. Bellum inter Pictos et Brittones, id est Gueith Mocetauc. Et rex eorum Talgarn a Brittonibus occiditur. Teudubr filius Beli moritur. an. an. an. |
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| 754 | Rhodri king of the Britons dies. | an. CCX Rotri, rex Brittonum, moritur. an. an. |
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| 757 | Ethelbald king of the Saxons dies. | an. Ethwald rex Saxonum moritur. an. an |
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| 760 | A battle between the Britons and the Saxons, that is the battle of Hereford and Dyfnwal son of Tewdwr dies. | an. Bellum inter Brittones et Saxones, id est Gueith Hirford et Dunnagual filius Teudubr moritur. an. an. an. an.CCCXX an. an. an. |
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| 768 | Easter is changed among the Britons ‡on the Lord’s day ‡, Elfoddw, servant of God, emending it. | an. Pasca commutatur apud Brittones †super dominicam diem† emmendante Elbodugo homine Dei. an. an. an. an. an. an.CCCXXX |
|
| 775 | Ffernfael son of Ithael dies. | an. Fernmail filius Judhail moitur | |
| 776 | Cinaed king of the Picts dies. | an. Cenioyd rex Pictorum obiit. | |
| 777 | Abbot Cuthbert dies. | an. Cudberth abbas moritur. | |
| 778 | The devastation of the South Britons by Offa. | an. Vastatio Brittonum dexteralium apud Offa. an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 784 | The devastation of Britain by Offa in the summer. | an. CCCXL Vastatio Brittonum cum Offa in aestate. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.CCCL |
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| 796 | ‡Devastation by Rheinwg son of Offa ‡ The first coming of the gentiles [Norsemen] among the southern Irish. | an. †Vastatio Reinuch ab Offa† Primus adventus gentilium apud dexterales ad Hiberniam. | |
| 797 | Offa king of the Mercians and Maredudd king of the Demetians die, and the battle of Rhuddlan. | an. Offa rex Merciorum et Morgetiud rex Demetorum morte moriuntur, et bellum Rudglann. an. |
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| 798 | Caradog king of Gwynedd is killed by the Saxons. | an. Caratauc rex Guenedotae apud Saxones jugulatur. an. an. an. an. an. an.CCCLX an. an. |
|
| 807 | Arthen king of Ceredigion dies. ‡Solar eclipse‡ | an. Arthgen rex Cereticjaun moritur. †Eclipsis solis.† | |
| 808 | Rhain king of the Demetians and Cadell ‡king‡ of Powys die. | an. Regin rex Demetorum et Catell †rex†Povis moriuntur. | |
| 809 | Elfoddw archbishop in the Gwynedd region went to the Lord. | an. Elbodug archiepiscopus Guenedotae regione migravit ad Dominum. | |
| 810 | ‡The moon covered ‡. Mynyw burnt. ‡Death of cattle in Britain.‡ | an. †Luna obscuratur.† Combustio Miniu. †Mortalitas pecorum in Brittannia.† | |
| 811 | Owain son of Maredudd dies. | an. Eugein filius Margetiud moritur. | |
| 812 | The fortress of Degannwy is struck by lightning and burnt. | an. Decantorum arx ictu fulminis comburit. | |
| 813 | Battle between Hywel ‡and Cynan. Hywel‡ was the victor. | an.Bellum inter Higuel †et Kinan. Howel†victor fuit | |
| 814 | There was great thunder and it caused many fires. Tryffin son of Rhain died. And Gruffydd son of Cyngen is killed by treachery by his brother Elisedd after an interval of two months. Hywel triumphed over the island of Mona and he drove Cynan from there with a great loss of his own army. | an. CCCLXX Tonitruum magnum fuit et incendia multa fecit. Trifun filius Regin moritur. Et Griphuid filius Cincen dolosa dispensatione a fratre suo Elized post intervallum duorum mensium interficitur. Higuel de Monia insula triumphavit et Cinan de ea expulit cum contritione magna exercitus sui. an. |
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| 816 | Hywel was again expelled from Mona ‡by Cynan. ‡ . Cynan the king dies. ‡Saxons invaded the mountains of Eryri and the kingdom of Rhufoniog‡. |
an. Higuel de Monia expulsus est ††a Kenan.†† Cinan rex moritur. †Saxones montes Ereri et regum Roweynauc invaserunt†. |
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| 817 | The battle of Llan-faes. | an. Gueith Lannmaes. an. an. an. an. |
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| 818 | ‡Cenwulf devastated the Dyfed region.‡ | an. †Ceniul regiones Demetorum vastavit.†‡ | |
| 822 | The fortress of Degannwy is destroyed by the Saxons and they took the kingdom of Powys into their own control. | an. Arecem Deccantorum a Saxonibus destruitur et regionem Poyis in sua potestate traxerunt. an. an. CCCLXXX |
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| 825 | Hywel dies. | an Higuel moritur. an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 831 | ‡Lunar eclipse.‡ Laudent died and Sadyrnfyw Hael of Mynyw died. | an. †Eclipsis lunae.† Laudent moritur et Saturnbiu Hail Miniu moritur. an. an. an.CCCXC an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 840 | Nobis the bishop ruled Mynyw. | an. Nobis episcopus in Miniu regnavit. an. |
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| 842 | Idwallon dies. | an. Iudguollaun moritur. an. |
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| 844 | Merfyn dies. The battle of Cetill. | an. CCCC Mermin moritur. Gueith Cetill. an. an. an. |
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| 848 | The battle of Ffinnant. Ithael king of Gwent was killed by the men of Brycheiniog. | an. Gueit Finnant. Judhail rex Guent a viris Broceniauc occisus est. | |
| 849 | Meurig was killed by Saxons. | an. Mouric occisus est a Saxonibus. | |
| 850 | Cynin is killed by the gentiles. | an. Cinnen a gentilibus jugulatur. an. an. |
|
| 853 | Mona laid waste by black gentiles. | an. Mon †est† vastata a gentilibus nigris. | |
| 854 | Cynin king of Powys dies in Rome. | an. CCCCX Cinnen rex Povis in Roma obiit. an. |
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| 856 | Kenneth king of the Picts died. And Jonathan prince of Abergele dies. | an. Cenioyth rex Pictorum moritur. Et Jonathan princeps Opergelei moritur. an. an. an. an. an. |
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| 860 | Catgueithen was expelled. | an. Catgueithen expulsus est. an. |
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| 864 | Duda laid Glywysing waste. | an. CCCCXX Duta vastavit Gliuisigng. | |
| 865 | Cian of Nanhyfer died. | an. Cian Nant Nimer obiit. | |
| 866 | The city of York was laid waste, that is the battle with the black gentiles. | an. Urbs Ebrauc vastata est, id est Cat Dub Gint. an. an |
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| 869 | The battle of Bryn Onnen. | an. Cat Brin Onnen. | |
| 870 | The fortress of Alt Clud was broken by the gentiles. | an. Arx Alt Clut a gentilibus fracta est. | |
| 871 | Gwgon king of Ceredigion was drowned. | an. Guoccaun mersus est, rex Cereticiaum. an. |
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| 873 | Nobis ‡the bishop‡ and Meurig die. The battle of Bannguolou. | an. Nobis †episcopus† et Mouric moriuntur. Gueith Bannguolou. an. CCCCXX |
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| 874 | ‡Llunferth the bishop consecrated.‡ | an. †Llunwerth episcopus consecratur.† | |
| 875 | Dungarth king of Cernyw ‡that is of the Cornish‡ was drowned. | an. Dungarth rex Cerniu, †id est Cornubiae,†mersus est. | |
| 876 | The battle of Sunday in Mona. | an. Gueith Diu Sul in Mon. | |
| 877 | Rhodri and his son Gwriad is killed by the Saxons. | an. Rotri et filius ejus Guriat a Saxoonibus jugulatur. | |
| 878 | Aed son of Neill dies. | an. Aed map Neill moritur. an. |
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| 880 | The battle of Conwy. Vengeance for Rhodri at God’s hand. ‡The battle of Cynan.‡ | an. Gueit Conguoy. Digal Rotri a Deo. †Gueit Conani.† an. |
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| 882 | Catgueithen died. | an. Catguethin obiit. an. an. CCCXL |
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| 885 | Hywel died in Rome. | an. Higuel in Roma defunctus est. | |
| 887 | Cerball died. | an. Cerball defunctus est. | |
| 889 | Suibne the wisest of the Irish died. | an. †Subin Scottorum sapientissimus obiit.† | |
| 892 | Hyfaidd dies. | an. Himeyd moritur. | |
| 894 | Anarawd came with the Angles and laid waste Ceredigion and Ystrad Tywi. | an. CCCCL Anaraut cum Anglis venit vastare Cereticiaun et Strati Tiui. | |
| 895 | The Northmen came and laid waste Lloegr and Bycheiniog and Gwent and Gwynllywiog. | an. Nordmani venerunt et vastaverunt Loycr et Bricheniauc et Guent et Guinnliguiauc. an. an. an. an. |
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| 896 | ‡Bread failed in Ireland. Vermin like moles with two teeth fell from the air and ate everything up; they were driven out by fasting and prayer.‡ | an. †Panis in Hibernia defecit. Vermes de aere ceciderunt talpae smiles cum duobus dentibus qui totam comederunt; qui ejecti sunt jejunio et oratione.† | |
| 898 | ‡Athelstan king of the Saxons died.‡ | an. †Elstan rex Saxonum obiit.† | |
| 900 | Alfred king of the Gewissi dies. | an. Albrit rex Giuoys moritur. an |
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| 902 | Igmund came to Mona and took Maes Osfeilion. | an. Igmunt in insula Mon venit tenuit Maes Osmeliaun | |
| 903 | ‡Merfyn son of Rhodri died and ‡ Llywarch son of Hyfaidd dies. | an. †Merwyn filius Rodri obiit et† Loumarch filius Himeid moritur. | |
| 904 | Rhodri ‡sone of Hyfaidd ‡ was beheaded in Arwystli. | an. CCCCLX Rostri †filius Heweid†decollatus est in Arguistli. an |
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| 906 | The battle of Dinmeir and Mynyw was broken. | an. Gueith Dinmeir et Miniu fracta est. | |
| 907 | ‡Bishop ‡ Gorchywyl dies ‡ and king Cormac‡. | an. Guorchiguil †episcopus† moritur et Cormuc rex. | |
| 908 | ‡Bishop ‡ Asser died. | an. Asser †episcopus† defunctus est. | |
| 909 | King Cadell son of Rhodri dies. | an. Catell †filius Rodri† rex moritur. an. an. an. |
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| 913 | Ohter comes ‡to Britain‡. | an. Otter venit †in Britanniam.† an. CCCCLX |
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| 915 | Anarawd king ‡of the Britons‡ dies. | an. Anaraut rex †Britonum† moritur. an |
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| 917 | Queen Aethelflaed died. | an. Aelfled regina obiit. an. |
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| 919 | King Clydog was killed. | an. Clitauc rex occisus est. an. |
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| 921 | The battle of Dinas Newydd. | an. Gueith Dinas Neguid. an. an. an.CCCCLXXX an. an. an. |
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| 928 | Hywel journeyed to Rome. ‡Helen died.‡ | an. Higuel rex perrexit ad Romam. †Helena obiit.† an. an. an. an. an. an.CCCCXC an. an. an. |
|
| 935 | ‡Gruffydd son of Owain died.‡ | an. †Grifinus filius Oweyn obiit.† | |
| 938 | The battle of Brune. | an. Bellum Brune. | |
| 939 | Hyfaidd son of Clydog, and Meurig, died. | an. Himeid filius Clitauc et Mouric moritur.. | |
| 941 | Aethelstan ‡king of the Saxons‡ died. | an. Aedelstan †rex Saxonum† moritur. an. |
|
| 942 | King Afloeg dies. | an. Abloye rex moritur. | |
| 943 | Cadell son of Arthfael was poisoned. And Idwal ‡son of Rhodri ‡ and his son Elisedd are killed by the Saxons. | an. Catel filius Artmail veneno moritur. Et Iudgual †filius Rodri† et filius ejus Elized a saxonibus occiduntur. |
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| 944 | Llunferth bishop in Mynyw died. | an. D Lunberth episcopus in Miniu obiit. an |
|
| 945 | ‡Bishop Morlais died.‡ | an. †Morleis episcopus obiit.† | |
| 946 | Cyngen son of Elisedd was poisoned. And Eneuris bishop in Mynyw died. And strathclyde was laid wasted by the Saxons. | an. Cincenn filius Elized veneno periit. Et Eneuris episcopus Miniu obiit. Et Strat Clut vastata est a Saxonibus. |
|
| 947 | Edmund king of the Saxons was killed. | an. Eadmund rex Saxonum jugulatus est. an. an. |
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| 950 | Hywel king of the Britons ‡called the Good‡ died. | an. Higuel rex Brittonum †scilicet Bonus†obiit. | |
| 951 | And Cadwgan son of Owain is killed by the Saxons. And the battle of Carno ‡between the sons of Hywel and the sons of Idwal‡. |
an. Et Catguocaun filius Ovein a Saxonibus jugulatur. Et bellum Carno †inter filios Hoeli et filios Idwal.† an. an. |
|
| 952 | ‡Iago and Idwal the sons of Idwal laid Dyfed waste.‡ | an. †Iago et Idwal filii Idwal vastaverunt Dewe.† | |
| 954 | Rhodri son of Hywel dies. | an. DX Rotri, filius Higuel, moritor. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.DXX an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an. an.DXXX an. an. an. |
BOOKS
- Ingram, James, translator. The Annales Cambriae. London: Everyman Press, 1912.